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Financial Fair Play & PSR
Break-even tests, squad-cost limits, permitted losses and the sanctions that follow when a club fails them.
Financial Fair Play & PSR
What Financial Fair Play actually covers
The idea behind FFP, which costs and revenues it looks at, and what it was never meant to do.
Financial Fair Play & PSR
Profitability and Sustainability Rules in plain terms
How a domestic PSR test is built: assessment periods, adjusted accounts and the loss line.
Financial Fair Play & PSR
The squad cost ratio: UEFA’s spending rule explained
How a wage-and-transfer ratio works, what counts in the numerator and why it replaced break-even.
Financial Fair Play & PSR
Break-even, permitted losses and owner injections
Why some owner money can be counted and some cannot, and how equity differs from loans.
Financial Fair Play & PSR
Sanctions, fines and settlement agreements
The ladder of penalties, how a settlement or plea bargain is structured, and what a squad limit means in practice.
Please read this first. This is general information about the structure of football finance rules. It is not investment or legal advice, it is not a valuation of any club, and it does not describe the position of any specific club. Rules change, differ between competitions and are applied case by case by the bodies that write them.